Showing posts with label Cieling designes. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Cieling designes. Show all posts

A TEXT BOOK OF BASIC CIVIL ENGINEERING SURVEYING PART2

 BASIC CIVIL ENGINEERING SURVEYING Part 2



7- Magnetic Meridian:
It is the direction indicated by a freely suspended and balanced
magnetic needle as in a compass, unaffected by local attractive forces. The
magnetic meridians vary with time and location.
8- Azimuths:
An azimuth is the direction of a line as given by an angle measured
clockwise from north end of a meridian. Azimuth range in magnitude from 0o
to 360o
.
9- Bearing:
A bearing is the direction of a line, measured clockwise or
anticlockwise from the north or south end of the meridian. It is always
accompanied by letters that state the quadrant in which the line falls(NE, NW,
SE, SW).

Fig.1.1 Azimuth and Bearing

10- Geographic Reference: (Geographic Coordinates)
The surveying involves in measuring the location of physical
land features relative to one another and relative to the defined reference on
the surface of the earth. The earth’s reference system is composed of the
surface divisions donated by geographic line of Latitude and longitude. 


Latitude: The imaginary line circles the earth sphere (globe) at equal
distances from the equator and parallel to it are called line of latitude.
They are used to measure direction of a place on the earth north or south of
the equator. The latitude measures the direction of a place on earth surface, in
degree, at the earth’s center, from the equatorial plane (See figure 1.4). The
equator is at 0o
latitude. The latitude angle is measured 90o max.
Longitude: The imaginary lines that make half circle around the earth sphere
(globe) and meet the geographical north and south poles are called line
meridians or line of longitude.
They are used to measure direction of a place on earth surface, in
degree, at the earth center, east or west from 0o longitude. The 0o longitude is
placed through Greenwich England and called Prime meridian.
The coordinates of a place on the surface of earth are represented as P
(Latitude, Longitude).For example: coordinates of Lahore are as (31.35N,
74.19 E)
The system of geographic coordinates is much used in navigation and
geodesy it is not used in plane surveying.
11- Grid Reference system: (Grid Coordinates)
The states adopted grid system of parallel horizontal and vertical lines.
Which are usually referred to the central meridian of the country and to the
equator so that one common datum for X and Y coordinates in horizontal
plane can be established.
In grid system the meridian of various stations (points) is considered
as parallel (contrary to the fact that they are converge to meet at poles) but the
grid size is limited so that no serious error will accumulate when the curvature
is ignored.
In grid coordinate system the location of a place is represents as
Northing (Y-coordinate) and Easting (X-Coordinate) from the origin of grid
reference. For example; the grid coordinates of a location P are as under;
𝑃 (
𝑁 = 156785𝑚
𝐸 = 25156𝑚
)
12- Vertical Reference: (Datum)

In additions to determining the locations of land features, the
surveying process also demands the altitude (elevation) of that land feature
relative to one another and relative to a reference datum.




LATEST CEILING DESIGNES


 Earlier, false ceilings were usually made of gypsum boards, but these days, it is easy to have false ceilings that are not only functional, but also decorative. From wood to glass and fibre to plastic, just about any material can be used for the purpose. They can host sprinklers for fire emergencies or to insert lights, providing a smooth, organised surface, rather than hanging tube-lights and bulbs.




Radeesh Shetty, founder, The Purple Turtles, suggests, “Ceilings are one of the most important elements of your home as they offer the maximum unobstructed view of any interior space. Therefore, a big advantage of installing false ceilings is that instead of putting one or more tube lights inside your room, you get to use high quality LED lights that consume less energy and last many years. You can fit LED lights inside your false ceiling in different corners of your home and use as much light as you need.”


False ceilings are also used for thermal insulation. The air-filled gap between the two layers of ceilings cools the room down. False ceilings are suspended a few inches below the basic ceiling on a metal framework which can be made of any lightweight construction material like wood, plaster of Paris, plywood, or gypsum, depending upon the budget or the requirement. Since there is a gap between these two layers, the air within gets trapped. Air, being a bad conductor of heat, does not allow the heat to flow into the room. This, in turn, helps reduce electricity bills.


Many of us are not aware that false ceilings also help with better optimisation of air conditioning. They reduce space in ceilings, thereby increasing air conditioning performance. Explains Vishwajeet Jhavar, founder and CEO of Marvel Realtors, “For instance, let’s assume your office is 10 x 10 sq feet big room. If your false ceiling is one feet below actual ceiling, it will cut down at least 10 x 10 x 10 cubic space, saving on your energy bill.”


While false ceilings are useful, there are quite a few challenges to overcome while installing them:


*The shape of building, especially if there is an irregular beam bottom, may not be conducive for false ceilings.


* If there is a leakage in the building, it may also affect the false ceilings.


* False ceilings take a lot of time to dry and can cause delays in the project.



* Installation of false ceiling requires expertise and precision.


If not executed properly, the surface can be uneven and after painting, the finishing may not be up to the mark, and may eventually add to the project costs to set it right.


* The room has to have enough height (at least 11 feet or more) to accommodate a false ceiling.


Home


False ceilings, real benefits

They can conceal wiring, while being energy efficient. They can be decorative, while being air regulators. They can be functional, and pretty at the same time. False ceilings are essentially used for concealing wires, sound proofing, fire safety, energy efficiency and to help in moisture and sag resistance.

Earlier, false ceilings were usually made of gypsum boards, but these days, it is easy to have false ceilings that are not only functional, but also decorative. From wood to glass and fibre to plastic, just about any material can be used for the purpose. They can host sprinklers for fire emergencies or to insert lights, providing a smooth, organised surface, rather than hanging tube-lights and bulbs.

Radeesh Shetty, founder, The Purple Turtles, suggests, “Ceilings are one of the most important elements of your home as they offer the maximum unobstructed view of any interior space. Therefore, a big advantage of installing false ceilings is that instead of putting one or more tube lights inside your room, you get to use high quality LED lights that consume less energy and last many years. You can fit LED lights inside your false ceiling in different corners of your home and use as much light as you need.”



False ceilings are also used for thermal insulation. The air-filled gap between the two layers of ceilings cools the room down. False ceilings are suspended a few inches below the basic ceiling on a metal framework which can be made of any lightweight construction material like wood, plaster of Paris, plywood, or gypsum, depending upon the budget or the requirement. Since there is a gap between these two layers, the air within gets trapped. Air, being a bad conductor of heat, does not allow the heat to flow into the room. This, in turn, helps reduce electricity bills.
Many of us are not aware that false ceilings also help with better optimisation of air conditioning. They reduce space in ceilings, thereby increasing air conditioning performance. Explains Vishwajeet Jhavar, founder and CEO of Marvel Realtors, “For instance, let’s assume your office is 10 x 10 sq feet big room. If your false ceiling is one feet below actual ceiling, it will cut down at least 10 x 10 x 10 cubic space, saving on your energy bill.”


While false ceilings are useful, there are quite a few challenges to overcome while installing them:

*The shape of building, especially if there is an irregular beam bottom, may not be conducive for false ceilings.

* If there is a leakage in the building, it may also affect the false ceilings.

* False ceilings take a lot of time to dry and can cause delays in the project.

* Installation of false ceiling requires expertise and precision.

If not executed properly, the surface can be uneven and after painting, the finishing may not be up to the mark, and may eventually add to the project costs to set it right.


* The room has to have enough height (at least 11 feet or more) to accommodate a false ceiling.

* Selection of the composition for the ceiling is important as it depends on the location. A living room and a toilet cannot have the same material as there will be dampness in the toilet and not in the living room. Similarly, kitchen ceiling is also not the same as there is heat, smoke and dampness involved.

* Maintenance work must be done periodically. While cleaning, maintaining or repairing the ceilings, one needs to ensure that ceiling alignment is maintained.

There are several kinds of false ceilings these days. Here are some of the trendiest ones:

* The most popular kind is the pop false ceiling where framing is done on the existing ceiling channel, on which an iron mesh is installed, over which plaster of Paris treatment is done. To make it look more glamorous, you could either have wallpaper pasted on the false ceiling, or treat the plaster of Paris with textured paint.



* Wooden planks can be installed on the existing ceiling or wooden veneer can be pasted on plyboards installed in the true ceiling. To enhance the lighting, coves or a drop in the ceiling, with wooden planks, can be made.

* Amardeep Gulri, principal designer and founder, Deco-Arte, suggests going for back-lit glass ceilings and fabric ceilings that can make your living space extraordinary and chic.
Once you overcome the initial challenges of installing a false ceiling, it can be a creative way to improve the attractiveness of the ceiling. A combination of false ceiling design, lighting and colour can transform an entire room.

* Cove lighting enhances the ceiling. Concealed down-lighters brighten the space, and coves that adorn the walls enhance the elegance of the room.

* You may try dimmer lightings along with the regular ones, to have ambient lighting for different moods and occasions.

* A dramatic look can be achieved by incorporating multiple-levels ceilings, with coves, and by also using multiple materials, such as wood, pop, mirrors, glass metallic tiles and fabric, in ceiling designs. 

* Colours of the ceilings should not be dark as lot of colours can disturb the concentration for the home. Interior designer Punam Kalra suggests that one should choose light colours, such as white, beige, light blue, for ceilings, depending on the colour scheme of the rest of the house.



Modern Ceiling designes


 False ceilings have become essential elements in a contemporary home. The numerous benefits they offer, in terms of beauty and functionality, added to their popularity. While these roofing styles come in many materials, Gypsum ceiling designs are in great demand from homeowners and interior designers alike.

The glossy surface, versatile designs, affordability and long life of Gypsum makes it a number one choice for residential and commercial false ceilings. In this article, we shall look into some of the latest Gypsum false ceiling designs with pictures to get inspired.


What Is Gypsum Ceiling?



In a false ceiling made of Gypsum, large Gypsum sheet boards are fixed to each other using screws. The joints are then treated with a special jointing material to create a uniform look and a clean finish. Unlike a Pop Ceiling which involves the mixing of materials and messy process, Gypsum ceilings are easy to install and comparatively, doesn’t need a lot of tidying up.


Latest Gypsum Ceiling Designs In pakistan


We know that you are waiting for your favourite section of the article! Without further delay, let us explore the 15 simple and best Gypsum board false ceilings for your home:

Gypsum Ceiling Designs for Hall:



 Take a look at this stylish ceiling which is sure to leave your guests impressed! The entire secondary ceiling is made with large gypsum boards in natural white colour. Instead of leaving it plain and boring, you can go for thin strips of light fixtures to accentuate the roof. This is a perfect example of simple and classy!


2. Gypsum Ceiling Designs for Living Room



Give your room a stylish look with false ceilings

FalsFalse ceiling is made to fit below the original ceiling. False ceiling design is usually suspended by wood or metal frames and the illusion it brings of a lower ceiling, sometimes with parts of the original ceiling on display, has earned it the moniker ‘dropped ceiling’.


The construction of a false ceiling can be done in any home, irrespective of size. This type of ceiling is usually mounted at a minimum distance of 8 inches from the original ceiling.

 What is a False Ceiling?



Gypsum comes from calcium and is used in the construction of lightweight ceilings. They usually come in the form of boards that are then hung off the ceiling with iron or wooden frameworks and painted on a bit.

 Ceiling cost p/sqft is 80-85 Rs 

 Gypsum comes from calcium and is used in the construction of lightweight ceilings. They usually come in the form of boards that are then hung off the ceiling with iron or wooden frameworks and painted on a bit.



Want to jazz up your ceiling without going the whole hog? The single-layer ceiling will work great for you. This necessarily adds dimension to your room. If you think that a design will overwhelm your space, single-layered ceiling design is a better bet. If you need more character to this ceiling design, add colours, shapes, textures and lighting.

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